Automatic test equipment operating architecture

ABSTRACT

An integrated circuit testing device, such as an ATE, configured with an architecture comprising a distinct software layer and a distinct hardware layer with an interface for tester abstraction providing a communication conduit between the software layer and the hardware layer. The software layer communicates in device under test terms whereas the hardware layer communicates in the terms of the testing apparatus. Various communication interface points are provided to the software and hardware layers, as well as the interface for tester abstraction.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a non-provisional application claiming priority toprovisional application 60/541,550 titled “Software Framework for OpenArchitecture ATE” filed on Feb. 3, 2004, which is hereby incorporated byreference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to an automatic test equipmentemploying an open architecture software framework and methods relatedthereto.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 (Background) is a block diagram illustrating an automatic testequipment (“ATE”) 10 coupled with an integrated circuit 12. Thefundamental task of an ATE is to test and characterize the functionalityof integrated circuits. An ATE is typically a powerful computingplatform. Generally speaking, testing an integrated circuit or “chip”,which during a test is referred to as a device under test or “DUT,”involves applying a stimulus, often digital and in the form of a seriesof logic 1's and 0's, to one or more input pins of the DUT. When the DUTis an analog device, the stimulus applied to the inputs and the expectedresponse are analog and are typically represented by waveforms ofvarying amplitude or frequency. The DUT generates an output, alsotypically in the form of a series of logic 1's and 0's, from one or moreoutput pins. The output is captured by the ATE and compared with theexpected output to produce test results 14. Characterizing a DUT, incontrast, involves identifying how the DUT reacts to variations inparameters, such as clock speed, voltage levels, and temperature.

Typically, an ATE 10 is physically located at an integrated circuitfabrication facility or “fab.” Purchase of an ATE is a relativelyexpensive capital equipment expenditure. As such, many fabricators donot dedicate an ATE to testing one particular type of chip, but insteaddeploy it to test and characterize many different types of chips thateach require unique test and characterization routines. Test engineersor other personnel may run tests and characterize some or all of thechips being produced at the fabrication facility.

As new integrated circuits are developed with new features, a fabricatortypically attempts to use an existing ATE to test and characterize thenew chip. In many instances, the ATE vendor develops new hardware,sometimes referred to as instruments or pin electronics, to interfacewith the new integrated circuit and allow the ATE to conduct the desiredtests. Conventionally, the ATE vendor also has to develop and deploy newsoftware to communicate with the new hardware. It is often timeconsuming and difficult to adapt existing ATE to the new functionality.One additional problem that often occurs with conventional ATE'sinvolves the difficulty in ensuring that existing test routines forchips being fabricated, perhaps for years, are able to run properly.Oftentimes, the existing routines must be modified and debugged atconsiderable time and expense to conform with the new software orhardware releases.

Aspects of the present invention provide a software framework oroperating system deployable in an ATE that facilitate use of the ATE intesting many different chips, quick and easy reconfiguration of a testor characterization routine to focus on testing of a particular troublespot for a chip, modularity, test release independence to ease ofupdating or reconfiguring the ATE to add new features, which mightinvolve adding or upgrading software subroutines and adding or upgradinghardware of the ATE.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the present invention involve an automatic testing equipment,or other integrated circuit testing device, comprising a runtimesoftware layer comprising indications of DUT pin information, theruntime software layer communicating in device under test terms. The ATEfurther includes a runtime hardware layer comprising indications of ATEinstrument information, the runtime hardware layer communicating inautomatic test equipment hardware terms. Finally, the ATE includes aninterface, or ITA, for translating the device under test terms from theruntime software layer to the automatic test equipment hardware terms ofthe runtime hardware layer.

The ATE may include several access points, including a common accessport in communication with the runtime software layer, a hardwareregister interface in communication with the runtime hardware layer, aCORBA interface in communication with the common access port, theinterface for tester abstraction, and the hardware register interface, ajava native interface in communication with the common access port, theinterface for test abstraction, and the hardware register interface.

The runtime software area comprises at least one language object, atleast one controller object, and at least one features object. Theruntime hardware area comprises at least one area controller and atleast one instrument driver. The ITA may comprise a DC-levels interface,an analog interface, a connection interface, an alarm interface, atrigger interface, a timing interface, a capture interface, and apattern interface.

In another aspect of the invention, a method of controlling an automatictest equipment comprises receiving a block definition of an automatictest equipment instrument in device under test terms, the blockdefinition comprising at least one indication of a parameter of theautomatic test equipment instrument; translating the device under testterms to automatic test equipment instrument terms; and programming theautomatic test equipment instrument in accordance with the blockdefinition.

The method may additionally comprises the operation of parsing the blockdefinition. After which, the method may comprise resolving the blockdefinition. The method may include translating the resolved blockinformation to an identification of the automatic test equipmentinstrument, translating the resolved block information to instrumentterm values, programming the automatic test equipment instrument inaccordance with the instrument term values. Generally, the ATE maycommand the automatic test instrument to apply a stimulus to the deviceunder test; and receiving a response from the device under test.Finally, the ATE may perform the operation of comparing the responsefrom the device under test with an expected response for the deviceunder test.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 (Background) is a block diagram illustrating the interactionbetween automatic testing equipment and a device under test to producetest or characterization results;

FIG. 2 is a software diagram illustrating a software architetecture, inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3A is a software diagram illustrating some particular features ofan external interface portion of the software architecture, inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3B is a software diagram illustrating some particular features of auser code portion of the software architecture, in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3C is a software diagram illustrating some particular features of aruntime software portion of the software architecture, in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3D is a software diagram illustrating some particular features of aruntime hardware portion of the software architecture, in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3E is a software diagram illustrating some particular features of ahardware register interface portion of the software architecture, inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a software diagram illustrating one arrangement of accesscapabilities of an ATE employing a software architecture in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an automatic testing equipmentinstrument configuration controllable by a software architecture, inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a software diagram illustrating some particular types ofabstract interfaces of a software architecture provided in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating operations involved in defining aninstrument in abstract device terms and translating the instrumentdefinition to abstract instrument terms via an interface for testerabstraction;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTIONS

Aspects of the present invention involve a framework for a softwareoperating system for an ATE. An ATE configured in accordance with thepresent invention is architecturally divided between areas responsive tothe IC being tested, i.e., the DUT, and areas responsive to theinterfaces with the IC, i.e., the ATE and its instruments. Configured insuch a manner, each area is separately accessible, upgradeable,reconfigurable, and the like, with little or no direct impact on theother areas. As such, the ATE may be efficiently configured to operatewith new ICs, while maintaining operation with existing ICs, as well asnew instruments, and test and characterization routines.

FIG. 2 is a software architectural diagram illustrating one particularsoftware framework 15, in accordance with the present invention. Thesoftware framework is adapted to run a test program 16 that controls theATE application of the input stimulus to the DUT and receipt andprocessing of the output sequence from the DUT. Further, the testprogram controls the application of the comparison between the actualresponse and the expected response of the DUT. The framework comprises aruntime software area 18 and a runtime hardware area 20, each separatelyaccessible and configured to operate in separate areas. An interface fortester abstraction 22 provides a communication pathway between theroutine software area and the runtime hardware area, and furtherprovides an abstract separation between the areas.

An ATE communicates with a DUT through a device typically referred to asan “instrument.” An ATE instrument generally has one or more logicconnections adapted to apply the stimulus to one or more input pins of aDUT and has one or more logic connections adapted to receive the outputsequence and perform the comparison operation. The runtime software area18 provides the infrastructure to define the input sequences applied tothe DUT. For example, through the runtime software area, the user mayestablish input voltage levels, test pattern timing, and the like. Theruntime hardware area 20 provides the infrastructure to program, drive,and configure the ATE instruments that provide the connections with theDUT.

The runtime software area 18 is responsive to device or DUT terms. Theruntime hardware area 20, on the other hand, is responsive to tester orATE terms. As used herein, the term “DUT term” includes logicalconstructs in terminology associated generally with a DUT or someportion thereof. In contrast, as used herein, the term “ATE term”includes logical constructs in terminology associated generally with anATE or an instrument thereof. By logically separating the architectureand its control over the ATE, a user familiar with a particular IC maydevise a test scenario in the terms of the IC. For example, the user maycommunicate with ATE by referring to pins of the IC and logic voltagelevels associated therewith. The runtime hardware area communicates withthe instrument that will physically stimulate the appropriate pins atthe associated voltage levels. The user need not know the particulars ofthe instrument, as he may communicate in terms of the IC.

The runtime software 18 and hardware areas 20 communicate via theinterface for tester abstraction (“ITA”) 22. One function of the ITA isto provide a translation between DUT terms of the runtime software layerand the ATE terms of the runtime hardware layer. Unlike conventional ATEoperating system frameworks, in one embodiment of the invention, theruntime software area is substantially distinct from the runtimehardware area. The ITA provides the interface to translate between DUTterms and ATE terms.

Still referring to FIG. 2, the software framework 15 defines severalinterface boundaries. To access the runtime software area, the softwareframework comprises a common access port (“CAP”) interface 24. For theruntime hardware area to communicate with the ATE system hardware 28,the framework comprises a hardware register interface 26 providingcommunication between the runtime hardware area and the ATE systemhardware. Further, the framework comprises a common object requestbroker architecture (“CORBA”) interface 30 providing a communicationpathway between various external interfaces 32 and the runtime softwareand runtime hardware areas, either directly or via one of the CAPinterface, the ITA, or the HW register interface. Generally speaking,CORBA is an object management group specification which provides astandard messaging interface between distributed objects. CORBA includesan interface definition language (“IDL”) and a dynamic invocationinterface (“DII”). Through the IDL, CORBA may be mapped to a number oflanguages including C, C++, Java, and Python. Additionally, the softwareframework comprises a Java Native Interface (“JNI” 34) providing acommunication pathway between a user code area 36 (also referred to as atest template area) and the runtime software and runtime hardware areas,either directly or via one of the CAP interface, the ITA, or the HWregister interface. Preferably, the interface boundaries and otheraspects of the framework are deployed in accordance with object orientedanalysis/design (“OOA/D”).

FIG. 3A is a software diagram of one particular implementation of theexternal interface module 32. The external interface module involvesprocesses external to the test program. As shown in FIG. 3, the softwareframework 15 may support various external interfaces, such as a commandline interface, a control tool interface, a test tool interface, ahardware viewer interface, a user tool interface, a dataloggerinterface, a perl/pyhthon interface, and a Gem/Secs interface. Theexternal interfaces communicate with the CAP interface 24, ITA 22, andHW register interface 26 via the CORBA interface 30. In thisimplementation, CORBA is deployed as the interface technology to providescripting, command line, and network accessibility of the interface.

FIG. 3B is a software diagram of one particular implementation of theuser code module 36. The user code area is provided, in one example, inaccordance with Java Virtual Machine (“JVM”) programming specifications,which interprets Java programs. As is known, JVM supportsobject-oriented programming directly by including instructions forobject method invocation. The user code module provides the environmentwhere the user code (test templates) run, based on the Java language. Asused herein, the term “test template” refers to organization, control,validation and other functions to manage execution of a sequence ofinstructions meant to execute a particular sequence of stimulus on oneor more DUT pins. The Java language is employed, in one example, tosupport user developed code that is independent from changes to thesystem hardware or software, which allows an ATE employing anarchitecture in accordance with the invention to be updated or modifiedto run new software testing or characterization routines as well asdeploy new hardware and instruments for new testing new or existingchips with little or no modification of existing test andcharacterization routines. The Java feature of dynamic runtime bindingprovides, in part, this capability.

Test templates exist within the user code module. In one implementation,test templates are divided into several capabilities, including:strategy control to provide specialized test control needed for paralleldevice testing, binning control to allow customization for the specificdevice binning requirements, test validation to validate the test setupand usage against the system capabilities, test execution control toprovide customization of the device test methods and sequencing, anduser library support for common tasks. The user code module furtherincludes standard test template implementations that can be customizedby the user to suit their specific needs.

FIG. 3C is a software diagram illustrating the runtime software(“runtime SW”) module 18. The runtime software area implements the CAPinterface 24 and provides tester independent system support. The runtimesoftware module is sub-divided into three major areas, in one example.The first area of the runtime software module includes language objects38 that provide a platform for test definition. Test definition blocksare defined in eXtended Markup Language (“XML”). XML was chosen for itseasy definition, parsing and the availability of standard tools.Language objects are sub-classed from a “Generic Block” interface. Thesecond area of the runtime software module includes controller objects40 that operate on the language objects to define and control the testprogram. Controller objects implement the runtime interpretation of thelanguage blocks to allow efficient runtime operation. Finally, the thirdarea of the runtime software module include feature objects 42 thatimplement capabilities needed for test program control, datalogging,debugging, etc., which are not directly related to the language objects.Examples of feature objects are: test program controller, flowcontroller, datalog controller, equation engine, and test controller.

In one implementation, the runtime software layer 18 is hardwareindependent. On the other hand, the runtime hardware layer 20 is testerhardware dependent. With hardware dependencies separated between theruntime software layer and the hardware layer, new hardware may be addedto the system without impact on existing runtime software layer objects.At the software layer, support for new hardware is achieved by pluggingin new language, controller and feature objects to support the newhardware.

As shown in FIG. 3C and as discussed above, the runtime software moduleis accessed with the CAP interface 24. The CAP interface to the runtimeSW area provides two types of access capabilities, synchronous dataaccess and asynchronous interaction, which are divided in sub-areas.First, synchronous data access or “set/get” provides generic blockaccess to allow access to all the data within language objects. Further,synchronous data access includes generic object access to allow accessto the runtime objects associated with a feature area. One example of asynchronous data access routine is:

myTimBlock=cap.getBlock (“Timing”, myBlockName);

myPeriodSection=myTimBlock.getSection (“Periods”);

Second, asynchronous interaction or “push/broadcast” includes a dataloginterface that pushes data to the designated outputs as it is created.The datalog system is implemented in the feature area, with a genericobject interface to provide producer/consumer registration and runtimecontrolled enabling of log data. Further, aynchronous interactionincludes a tool interaction registration system that provides a changenotification service for data within the generic block and genericobject areas.

FIG. 3D is a software diagram of one example of the runtime hardwaremodule 20, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. Theruntime hardware module implements the ITA interface 22 and providestester dependent system support. One or more area controllers 44 providea functional breakdown of the abstract capabilities provided in thetester into separate areas. Each area implements an abstract modeldefinition for the ITA. This provides isolation from the specifichardware implementation. Instrument drivers 46 implement translationsfrom the abstract model to hardware implementation for each areasupported by the specific hardware implementation. The configuration andresource controllers include hardware power-up and initialization for:slot/instrument identification; instrument driver loading; bus resourceassignment/allocation; user defined resource grouping and naming; and,the ITA.

The ITA 22 provides synchronous data access to the instrument. The ITAis implemented, in one example, with a generic interface class that isinherited by each area and instrument driver. The interface provides thefollowing types of capabilities: getarea (“areaToken”) to allowhierarchical traversal of the tester functionality;listCapabilities(“areaToken”) to provide a list of the available tokensfor the given area; and, setX/getX for data access to a group of HWresources for a given capability (token) for X types, such as Integer,Double, Float, Token, BitArray, etc.

Two examples of specific capability provided by the ITA, are:

myPinLevels=Ita.getArea (“Levels/PE”);

myPinLevels.setD (“busPins”, “VIH”, 1.5);

Referring again to FIGS. 2 and 3E, the architecture 15 further includesa hardware interface module 26 providing access to the system hardware.FIG. 3E is a software diagram illustrating the hardware interface modulein communication with a register mirror 46, a kernel driver 48, systemhardware 50, a Sim interface 52 and system simulator 54. Thearchitecture allows various hardware interfaces to be added to thesystem. Such an implementation allows simulation capability to be placedat this level, which is useful to support off-line development. Thisfeature further allows the tester to support a test program developmentand driver check-out without using valuable tester time, as well asprovide full HW hardware simulation capabilities with no architecturalimpact.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the software architecture includes threeinterface points: the CAP interface 24 to provide top level access tothe system, the ITA interface 22 to provide access to the tester usingan abstract model interface, and the hardware register interface 26 toprovide direct access to the hardware, needed for diagnostics,calibration, and system debug. In one particular implementation, theinterfaces are implemented in IDL (Interface Definition Language) toprovide a unified interface to the C++ object implementing theinterface. IDL is a language which is compiled to provide various accesscapabilities.

FIG. 4 illustrates one particular implementation of the type of accesscapabilities provided by a system in accordance with the presentinvention. The access capabilities include: CORBA remote clients 56 toprovide network access to various languages, CORBA server servant 58 toprovide the bridge from CORBA to the C++ worker object 60, JNI 34 toprovide access to the user code (test templates) which run within theJVM, and local C++ access for internal system usage made by directlycalling the C++ worker object interface.

The CORBA technology used for the interface provides a unified API whichis network accessible from any platform/language. Also, a portion of theinterface definition is derived from the user-source block syntax forboth block access and ITA access. In doing this, once the sourcedefinition is known, a large part of the API is also known. This helpsmake the system easier to use.

As mentioned above, many ATE include devices, often referred to as“instruments,” that are used for the ATE to interact with the DUT.Instruments may be generally classified as a function of three DUT pintypes. Namely, power supply, digital and analog DUT pin types. The term“pin” being meant to correlate with the type of DUT pin or resource thatthe instrument will be in communication with. For example, a powersupply pin is used to provide the necessary power to the appropriatepins of a DUT in order to run the DUT during a test. Digital and analoginstrument pins typically convey the digital or analog test stimulus,respectively, to the DUT and receive the response from the DUT.

FIG. 5 is a high level block diagram of one example of the electronicsfor one digital pin 62 of an instrument. Broadly speaking, the digitalpin or “pin slice” includes an input channel 64 and an output channel66. The input channel supplies the appropriate test pattern to the DUT12, and the output channel receives and processes the output patterngenerated by the DUT in response to the test pattern. The digital pinshown in FIG. 5 is meant to provide one example of an instrument thatmay be employed by an ATE operating a software framework conforming tothe present invention. The pin instrument is not meant, however, tolimit the scope of the present invention to this particular instrument,type of instrument, or limit the invention otherwise.

In the input channel 64, the digital pin instrument includes a patternmemory 68 for storing a test pattern to be applied to the DUT. Thememory is in communication with a drive formatter 70, which translatesthe test pattern into the appropriate logic levels for the DUT. Thedrive formatter is also in communication with a timing block 72 thatprovides the appropriate timing for transmitting the test pattern to theDUT. The drive formatter transmit the properly formatted test pattern toa driver, such as a comparator 74 with VIH (Voltage Input High) and VIL(Voltage Input Low), which in turn transmits the test pattern, withproper voltage levels and timing, to the appropriate pin or pins of theDUT.

In the output channel 66, the digital pin instrument includes acomparator 76 with VOH (Voltage Output High) and VOL (Voltage Input Low)that receives the response from the DUT 12. The comparator transmits theresponse to a latch 78. The latch is in communication with the expectedresponse formatter 80, which transmits the expected response to thelatch in order to compare the actual DUT response with the expectedresponse. The timing block 72 is also in communication with the expectedresponse formatter to provide the appropriate timing for the expectedresponse signal. The results of the comparison are transmitted andstored in the capture memory 80.

Referring again to FIGS. 2 and 3C, as mentioned above, the runtimesoftware area 18 of the framework includes language objects 38,controller objects 40, and feature objects 42. Generally, languageobjects provide a means for defining test blocks. As will be discussedin more detail below, a test block provides a way for user to define aninstrument or other hardware set with abstract constructs. Controllerobjects 40 operate on the language objects to define and control thetest program. They implement the needed runtime interpretation of thelanguage blocks to allow efficient runtime operation. The controllerobjects communicate with instruments via the ITA 22. Feature objectsimplement capabilities needed for test program control, datalogging,debugging, etc., which are not directly related to the language objects.

The runtime software area of the framework provides an abstract view ofthe system hardware, such as an instrument 62. For purposes of theruntime software, an instrument may be decomposed into abstractconstructs and defined in device under test terms (e.g., the terms ofthe IC). For example, the runtime software may include a hierarchy ofblocks, which provide a medium for the user to define the hardwareset-up with abstract constructs. The blocks are further decomposed intodevice term definitions for setting up the hardware, such as aninstrument, for a test. For example, device term definitions may include“levels” for user to define the voltage levels of the driver and thecomparator, “pattern” for a user to define the test pattern for a DUTand the expected response pattern to compare to the actual response ofthe DUT, “timing” for a user to define the timing for applying the testpattern to the DUT and for comparing the expected response to the actualresponse from the DUT, etc.

At the software layer level the user defines the device layout in DUTterms as a function of a designation or name of each pin of the DUT. Forexample, DUT pin 1=“CLK” and DUT pins 1–3=“DBUS” or databus.Correspondingly, the software layer will include a CLK levels block anda DUT pin levels block. Through the levels block the user defines thevoltage levels for the CLK and the databus pins.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating one particular implementation ofthe ITA 22 and communication with the runtime hardware layer 20 of anATE employing a software framework conforming to the present invention.As mentioned above, the runtime hardware layer 20 communicates with theruntime software layer 18 through the interface for tester abstraction.The ITA may comprise numerous ITA sub-blocks for programming associatedinstrument parameters. In the example of FIG. 6, ITA sub-interfacesinclude a DC-levels ITA, analog ITA, connect ITA, alarm ITA, triggerITA, timing ITA, capture ITA, and a pattern ITA. The various ITA's arein communication with an associated instrument driver used to programparticular instruments. The ITA configuration and resource controllerscommunicate with the instrument driver.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operations associated withestablishing a definition in DUT terms, translating the definition intoATE terms, and programming an ATE instrument. For purposes ofexplanation and not limitations, the operations of FIG. 7 are referredto with regard to the examples set forth in the example code and tables1–2 below. First, a user defines the device layout for a DUT through amapping between the DUT and the ATE (operation 700). The followingillustrates the mapping between DUT DBUS designations and slots of anATE:

Signals:

DBUS [0 . . . 2]=IO

Name Map:

DBUS [0]=5.10=slotM.pogoN

DBUS [1]=5.20=slotM.pogoN

DBUS [2]=7.13=slotM.pogoN

The “Signals” block establishes the DBUS designator as an input/ouput(“IO”) signal involving pins 0, 1, and 2. The name map establishes amapping between the DBUS[0], DBUS[1], and DBUS[2] designators and theinstrument in slot M of the ATE. The “pogo” syntax refers to particularpins N or sockets of an ATE of the instrument in slot M. In the exampleset forth above, DBUS[1] is mapped to the instrument in slot 5 and pin10, DBUS[2] is mapped to the instrument in slot 5 and pin 20, andDBUS[3] is mapped to the instrument in slot 7, pin 13. As such, the namemap provides a mapping between the DUT terms of the data bus of the DUTand the ATE terms of an instrument that will pass and receive signals onthe DUT data bus.

For testing the data bus designated “DBUS,” various block types may bedefined. In one example, the block definition is provided as a plug-into allow easy addition and reconfiguration of block definitions. Thefollowing is XML code for one example of a DBUS “levels” block:

<Block = “Levels”>   <Name = “5V Nominal”/>   <Sig/ “DBUS”/>     <Vih =“Vcc*0.8”/>     <Vil = 0.2/>     <Voh = “Vcc/2 + 0.05”/>     <Vol =“Vcc/2 − 0.05”/>   </Sig> </Block>

With reference to the instrument block diagram of FIG. 5, in the exampleDBUS levels block definition recited above, in DUT terms, the voltagelevel VIH of the input channel comparator is set at VCC*0.8 volts andthe voltage level VIL of the input channel comparator is set at 0.2volt. The voltage level VOH of the output channel comparator is set atVCC/2+0.05 volt and the voltage level VOL of the output channelcomparator is set at VCC/2−0.05 volt. In this example, VCC is thereference voltage for a DUT. As such, via the levels block, the userdefines the instrument comparator voltage levels in DUT terms, i.e., asa function of VCC for the DUT. All DBUS mappings refer to the DBUSlevels defined in accordance with the code set forth above.

Next, the language object parses the block definition (operation 710).Table 1 below illustrates the parsed instrument voltage levelsdefinition. The top row of the table is the parsed voltage leveldesignators VIH, VIL, VOH, and VOL. The second row in correspondingcolumns, is the parsed equation definitions for the associated voltagelevel definitions. Thus, for example, column 1, row 1 has the voltagelevel definition designator VIH and corresponding column 1, row 2 hasthe corresponding definition of VCC*0.8.

TABLE 1 Sample of Parsed Block Definition by Language Object Vih Vil VohVol Vcc * 0.8 0.2 Vcc/2 + 0.05 Vcc/2 − 0.05

Next, under control of the controller object, the feature objectresolves the parsed levels block (operation 720). The feature object hasthe parsed equations from the languate object. Table 2 below illustratesthe resolved levels definitions for a value of VCC=5.0 volt. With a VCCvalue of 5 volts, VIH resolves to 4.0 volts, VIL resolves to 0.2 (not afunction of VCC), VOH resolves to 2.55 volts, and VOL resolves 2.45.

TABLE 2 Sample of Resolved Block Definition by Feature Object Vih VilVoh Vol 4.0 0.2 2.55 2.45

Next, the controller object receives the resolved levels informationfrom the features object (operation 730). The fully resolved levelsvalues may be stored in a cache available to the ITA. The controllerobject then passes the resolved instrument levels information in DUTterms to the ITA (operation 730), which begins the translation from theDUT terms to the ATE terms (operation 740). In the example set forthherein, the DUT terms information is translated to instrument terms toprogram the instrument for testing the particular DUT it will beconnected to. As shown in FIGS. 3C and 6, the hardware layer comprisesone or more area controllers and one or more instrument drivers. Thearea controllers work with the ITAs to translate fully resolved leveldesignations received from the software layer to pin information thatcan be used by the instrument drivers (operation 750).

The following are generic ITA level pseudo-code commands implemented inthe ITA:

area=getarea (“AreaName”);

area.setX (rsrc, token, value);

value.getx (rsrc, token);

area.validateX (rsrc, token, value);

With reference to the DBUS example discussed with respect to thesoftware layer, the command:

mylevels=ITA.getArea (“Levels”);

establishes a pointer to the DC levels ITA. The DC levels ITA translatesthe DUT terms information to ATE terms information for the DC levels.With respect to the DBUS definition, the following commands illustratean example of the generic pseudo-code command of area.setx (rsrc, token,value):

mylevels.setD (“DBUS”, “Vih”, 4.0);

mylevels.setD (“DBUS”, “Vil”, 0.2);

mylevels.setD (“DBUS”, “Voh”, 2.55);

mylevels.setD (“DBUS”, “Vol”, 2.45);

These commands set the DBUS values for Vih, Vil, Voh, and Vol in the DCLevels ITA. More particularly, for the mylevels area, the DBUS resource(i.e., the pins associated with the DBUS mapping), are set with tokensof Vih, Vil, Voh, and Vol, respectively, and with values of 4.0, 0.2,2.55, and 2.45, the resolved values for each DBUS token. As such, atthis point, the DC Levels ITA has received resolved DBUS values in DUTterms.

The ITA includes an additional mapping construct to translate the DUTterms to ATE terms. As discussed above, a mapping is established betweenthe DUT and the ATE via the signals definition and name map. As such,the DC levels ITA recognizes that:

DBUS=DUT Pins 0, 1, 2

DBUS [0, 1]=Instrument Type A Slot 5, Pins 10, 20

DBUS [2]=Instrument Type B Slot 7, Pin 13

As such, via the signals definition and name map mechanism, the ITAresolves DBUS pins 0, 1, and 2 (in DUT terms) to Instruments in slots 5and 7 and pins (sockets) 10, 20, and 13, respectively (in ATE terms).Thus, for example, pin 10 of the instrument in slot 5 is coupled withDBUS pin 0 of the DUT.

Following, the identified instruments are set with the appropriateinstrument term values (operation 760). For example, the instrumentdrivers may be set with the following commands.

Instrument Type A [slot 5] set D (pins 10+20, Vih, 4.0);

Instrument Type B [slot 7] set D (pins 13, Vil, 0.2);

Note, similar commands are used to set instruct pins with valuesassociated with Vil, Voh, and Vol. The results of these commands arethen used to program the instrument (operation 770). In one example, theset D commands set forth above cause the instrument driver to loadparticular hardware registers with values corresponding the Vih, Vil,Voh, and Vol values set forth above. For example, to program aninstrument, the instrument drivers might include the followingpseudo-code:

VIH=Reg Address 0X10

Register Value=Vih (Volt)/(0.01+512)

VIH register=Reg Val

As such, VIH is mapped to hardware register address 0X10. Register valueis established in a format understandable to the instrument. In theabove example, the “Register Value” operation converts the Vih voltagevalue of 4 volts, to a binary representation thereof.

Further, the resolved register value is stored in the VIH register forthe target instrument. Thus, for example, the instrument in slot 5 willprogram Voltage input high of its output channel comparator at the valuestored in register address 0X10.

Although various representative embodiments of this invention have beendescribed above with a certain degree of particularity, those skilled inthe art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodimentswithout departing from the spirit or scope of the inventive subjectmatter set forth in the specification and claims. In methodologiesdirectly or indirectly set forth herein, various steps and operationsare described in one possible order of operation, but those skilled inthe art will recognize that steps and operations may be rearranged,replaced, or eliminated without necessarily departing from the spiritand scope of the present invention. It is intended that all mattercontained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawingsshall be interpreted as illustrative only and not limiting. Changes indetail or structure may be made without departing from the spirit of theinvention as defined in the appended claims.

1. An automatic testing equipment comprising: a runtime software layercomprising indications of DUT pin information, the runtime softwarelayer communicating in device under test terms; a runtime hardware layercomprising indications of ATE instrument information, the runtimehardware layer communicating in automatic test equipment hardware terms;an interface for translating the device under test terms from theruntime software layer to the automatic test equipment hardware terms ofthe runtime hardware layer; a common access port in communication withthe runtime software layer; a hardware register interface incommunication with the runtime hardware layer; and a CORBA interface incommunication with the common access port, the interface for testerabstraction, and the hardware register interface.
 2. An automatictesting equipment comprising: a runtime software layer comprisingindications of DUT pin information, the runtime software layercommunicating in device under test terms; a runtime hardware layercomprising indications of ATE instrument information, the runtimehardware layer communicating in automatic test equipment hardware terms;an interface for translating the device under test terms from theruntime software layer to the automatic test equipment hardware terms ofthe runtime hardware layer; a common access port in communication withthe runtime software layer; a hardware register interface incommunication with the runtime hardware layer; and a java nativeinterface in communication with the common access port, the interfacefor test abstraction, and the hardware register interface.
 3. Anautomatic testing equipment comprising: a runtime software layercomprising indications of DUT pin information, the runtime softwarelayer communicating in device under test terms; a runtime hardware layercomprising indications of ATE instrument information, the runtimehardware layer communicating in automatic test equipment hardware terms;an interface for translating the device under test terms from theruntime software layer to the automatic test equipment hardware terms ofthe runtime hardware layer; and wherein the runtime software areacomprises at least one language object, at least one controller object,and at least one features object.
 4. An automatic testing equipmentcomprising: a runtime software layer comprising indications of DUT pininformation, the runtime software layer communicating in device undertest terms; a runtime hardware layer comprising indications of ATEinstrument information, the runtime hardware layer communicating inautomatic test equipment hardware terms; an interface for translatingthe device under test terms from the runtime software layer to theautomatic test equipment hardware terms of the runtime hardware layer;and wherein the runtime hardware area comprises at least one areacontroller and at least one instrument driver.
 5. An automatic testingequipment comprising: a runtime software layer comprising indications ofDUT pin information, the runtime software layer communicating in deviceunder test terms; a runtime hardware layer comprising indications of ATEinstrument information, the runtime hardware layer communicating inautomatic test equipment hardware terms; an interface for translatingthe device under test terms from the runtime software layer to theautomatic test equipment hardware terms of the runtime hardware layer;and wherein the interface for translating the device under test termscomprises: a DC-levels interface, an analog interface, a connectioninterface, an alarm interface, a trigger interface, a timing interface,a capture interface, and a pattern interface.